- Delivered record annualized gross bookings of
$533 million , up 35% year over year, on robust demand and strengthening pricing - Grew monthly recurring revenue by double digits year over year for the fourth consecutive quarter, reflecting the company's central role in serving traditional and AI workloads
- Achieved 10% year over year interconnection revenue growth on both an as-reported and a normalized and constant currency basis, with Fabric revenue up 24% year over year on both an as-reported and a normalized and constant currency basis
- Accelerated new capacity delivery, with nearly 40% more cabinets planned for delivery in 2026 than initially anticipated
- Raised full-year 2026 guidance for the third consecutive quarter based on strong operating and financial performance
"Our Q3 results and raised full-year guidance reflect the differentiated position and growing importance of
Third-Quarter 2026 Results Summary
- Revenues
$2.571 billion , an 11% increase over the same quarter of the previous year on an as-reported basis and a 12% increase on a normalized and constant currency basis driven by strong underlying performance
- Operating Income
$600 million , a 27% increase over the same quarter of the previous year, primarily from strong underlying operating performance
- Net Income Attributable to Common Stockholders and Net Income per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders
$489 million , a 31% increase over the same quarter of the previous year, primarily from higher operating income and a non-recurring fee earned in connection with our investment in the atNorth joint venture$4.93 per share, a 29% increase over the same quarter of the previous year
- Adjusted EBITDA
$1.321 billion , a 15% increase over the same quarter of the previous year on an as-reported basis, or a 14% increase on a normalized and constant currency basis
- AFFO and AFFO per Share
$1.156 billion , a 20% increase over the same quarter of the previous year on an as-reported basis, or a 14% increase on a normalized and constant currency basis excluding the benefit of the atNorth joint venture fee$11.64 per share, an 18% increase over the same quarter of the previous year on an as-reported basis, or a 12% increase on a normalized and constant currency basis excluding the benefit of the atNorth joint venture fee
All per-share results are presented on a fully diluted basis.
2026 Guidance Summary
| ($ in millions, except per share data) | Prior FY 2026 | Underlying | atNorth | Foreign | Revised FY | Q4 2026 Guidance |
| Revenues | 11 - 12% | | | | ~12% | 12 - 13% |
| Adjusted EBITDA Adjusted EBITDA Margin % |
| | | |
|
|
| Recurring Capital Expenditures % of Revenues | ~3% | | | | ~3% | 5 - 6% |
| Non-recurring Capital Expenditures (Excludes xScale and Real Estate | | - | | | | |
| AFFO | | | | | | |
| AFFO per Share (Diluted) | 10 - 12% | | | | 11 - 12% | |
| Expected Cash Dividends | | - | | | | |
For the fourth quarter of 2026, the company expects revenues to range between
For the full year of 2026, total revenues are expected to range between
Q3 2026 Business Highlights
- Delivered record annualized gross bookings of
$533 million . - Added 6,900 net interconnections.
- Introduced Fabric One, an any-to-any connectivity service designed to simplify how enterprises connect distributed cloud, network and AI environments, with AWS and
Google Cloud serving as lead integration partners. - Announced Equinix Inference Exchange, in collaboration with NVIDIA and Together AI, to help enterprises deploy and scale AI inferencing workloads globally through high-performance, interconnected infrastructure.
- Launched Equinix Enhanced Performance Innovation Centers (EPIC), a global network of production-ready liquid cooling environments that enables customers to test, validate and deploy high-density AI infrastructure alongside
Equinix experts and leading technology partners. - Completed the investment in atNorth alongside CPP Investments, strengthening
Equinix's position in the fast-growing Nordic market and expanding its footprint across AI-ready, high-density data center infrastructure powered by renewable energy. - Advanced
Equinix's leadership on responsible infrastructure growth inTexas , supporting state standards on grid costs, water stewardship, community impact, and transparency while reinforcing more than$1.6 billion in long-term investment across the state. - Established a first-of-its-kind partnership in
Georgia that protects ratepayers by havingEquinix fund all grid infrastructure costs associated with itsHampton data center project through a 20-year commitment.
Q3 2026 Results Conference Call and Replay Information
A replay of the call will be available one hour after the call through
Investor Presentation and Supplemental Financial Information
Additional Resources
About
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Non-GAAP financial measures are not a substitute for financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. Non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation, but should be considered together with the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures. As such,
Investors should note that the non-GAAP financial measures used by
Adjusted EBITDA is used by management to evaluate the operating strength and performance of its core, ongoing business, without regard to its capital or tax structures. It also aids in assessing the performance of, making operating decisions for, and allocating resources to its operating segments. In addition to the uses described above,
- income tax expense
- interest income
- interest expense
- other income or expense
- gain or loss on debt extinguishment
- depreciation, amortization and accretion expense
- stock-based compensation expense
- restructuring and other exit charges, which primarily include employee severance, facility closure costs, lease or other contract termination costs and advisory fees related to the realignment of our management structure, operations or products and other exit activities
- impairment charges
- transaction costs
- gain or loss on asset sales
AFFO is derived from Funds from Operations ("FFO") calculated in accordance with the standards established by the
- gain or loss from the disposition of real estate assets
- depreciation and amortization expense on real estate assets
- adjustments related to unconsolidated joint ventures and non-controlling interests
- depreciation and amortization expense on non-real estate assets
- accretion expense
- stock-based compensation expense
- stock-based charitable contributions
- restructuring and other exit charges, as described above
- impairment charges
- transaction costs
- impacts of straight-lining installation revenue
- impacts of straight-lining rent expense
- impacts of straight-lining contract costs
- amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discounts and premiums
- gain or loss from the disposition of non-real estate assets
- gain or loss on debt extinguishment
- an income tax expense adjustment, which represents the non-cash tax impact due to changes in valuation allowances, uncertain tax positions and deferred taxes
- recurring capital expenditures, which represent expenditures to extend the useful life of data centers or other assets that are required to support current revenues
- net income or loss from discontinued operations, net of tax
- adjustments from FFO to AFFO related to unconsolidated joint ventures and non-controlling interests
Forward-Looking Statements
This press release contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from expectations discussed in such forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such differences include, but are not limited to, risks to our business and operating results related to the current inflationary environment; foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations; stock price fluctuations; increased costs to procure power and the general volatility in the global energy market; the challenges of building and operating IBX® and xScale® data centers, including those related to sourcing suitable power and land, and any supply chain constraints or increased costs of supplies; the challenges of developing, deploying and delivering
| | |||||||||
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations | |||||||||
| (in millions, except share and per share data) | |||||||||
| (unaudited) | |||||||||
| | |||||||||
| | Three Months Ended | | Nine Months Ended | ||||||
| | September | |
| | September | | September | | September |
| Recurring revenues | $ 2,442 | | $ 2,377 | | $ 2,215 | | $ 7,150 | | $ 6,445 |
| Non-recurring revenues | 129 | | 248 | | 101 | | 490 | | 352 |
| Revenues | 2,571 | | 2,625 | | 2,316 | | 7,640 | | 6,797 |
| Cost of revenues | 1,257 | | 1,230 | | 1,142 | | 3,673 | | 3,310 |
| Gross profit | 1,314 | | 1,395 | | 1,174 | | 3,967 | | 3,487 |
| Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | |
| Sales and marketing | 233 | | 239 | | 219 | | 713 | | 669 |
| General and administrative | 449 | | 462 | | 470 | | 1,355 | | 1,359 |
| Restructuring and other exit charges | 6 | | 6 | | 5 | | 18 | | 17 |
| Transaction costs | 20 | | 3 | | 3 | | 31 | | 12 |
| Impairment charges | 6 | | 17 | | 4 | | 25 | | 5 |
| (Gain) loss on asset sales | — | | 3 | | (1) | | (17) | | (1) |
| Total operating expenses | 714 | | 730 | | 700 | | 2,125 | | 2,061 |
| Income from operations | 600 | | 665 | | 474 | | 1,842 | | 1,426 |
| Interest and other income (expense): | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest income | 46 | | 36 | | 53 | | 123 | | 152 |
| Interest expense | (163) | | (151) | | (128) | | (462) | | (385) |
| Other income (expense) | 54 | | (28) | | — | | 27 | | 2 |
| Gain (loss) on debt extinguishment | — | | 1 | | — | | 1 | | 1 |
| Total interest and other, net | (63) | | (142) | | (75) | | (311) | | (230) |
| Income before income taxes | 537 | | 523 | | 399 | | 1,531 | | 1,196 |
| Income tax expense | (48) | | (46) | | (25) | | (150) | | (112) |
| Net income | 489 | | 477 | | 374 | | 1,381 | | 1,084 |
| Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests | — | | 2 | | — | | 2 | | 1 |
| Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ 489 | | $ 479 | | $ 374 | | $ 1,383 | | $ 1,085 |
| Earnings (loss) per share ("EPS") attributable to common stockholders: | |||||||||
| Basic EPS | $ 4.95 | | $ 4.86 | | $ 3.82 | | $ 14.03 | | $ 11.10 |
| Diluted EPS | $ 4.93 | | $ 4.83 | | $ 3.81 | | $ 13.96 | | $ 11.07 |
| Weighted-average shares for basic EPS (in thousands) | 98,787 | | 98,641 | | 97,982 | | 98,607 | | 97,777 |
| Weighted-average shares for diluted EPS (in thousands) | 99,277 | | 99,136 | | 98,174 | | 99,047 | | 98,037 |
| | |||
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | |||
| (in millions, except headcount) | |||
| (unaudited) | |||
| | |||
| | September | | December |
| Assets | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ 2,362 | | $ 1,727 |
| Short-term investments | 1,235 | | 1,500 |
| Accounts receivable, net | 1,203 | | 1,001 |
| Other current assets | 957 | | 897 |
| Total current assets | 5,757 | | 5,125 |
| Property, plant and equipment, net | 26,282 | | 23,584 |
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | 1,317 | | 1,392 |
| | 5,874 | | 5,984 |
| Intangible assets, net | 1,146 | | 1,316 |
| Other assets | 4,069 | | 2,740 |
| Total assets | $ 44,445 | | $ 40,141 |
| Liabilities, Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest and Stockholders' Equity | | | |
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ 1,425 | | $ 1,350 |
| Accrued property, plant and equipment | 676 | | 564 |
| Current portion of operating lease liabilities | 155 | | 155 |
| Current portion of finance lease liabilities | 182 | | 168 |
| Current portion of mortgage and loans payable | 6 | | 17 |
| Current portion of senior notes | 1,665 | | 1,299 |
| Other current liabilities | 343 | | 340 |
| Total current liabilities | 4,452 | | 3,893 |
| Operating lease liabilities, less current portion | 1,231 | | 1,304 |
| Finance lease liabilities, less current portion | 2,196 | | 2,187 |
| Mortgage and loans payable, less current portion | 13 | | 686 |
| Senior notes, less current portion | 20,963 | | 16,910 |
| Other liabilities | 1,037 | | 983 |
| Total liabilities | 29,892 | | 25,963 |
| Redeemable non-controlling interest | 25 | | 25 |
| Common stockholders' equity: | | | |
| Common stock | — | | — |
| Additional paid-in capital | 22,209 | | 21,642 |
| | (23) | | (24) |
| Accumulated dividends | (13,748) | | (12,202) |
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (1,385) | | (1,359) |
| Retained earnings | 7,484 | | 6,099 |
| Total common stockholders' equity | 14,537 | | 14,156 |
| Non-controlling interests | (9) | | (3) |
| Total stockholders' equity | 14,528 | | 14,153 |
| Total liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interest and stockholders' equity | $ 44,445 | | $ 40,141 |
| | | | |
| Ending headcount by geographic region is as follows: | | | |
| | 6,021 | | 5,917 |
| EMEA headcount | 4,768 | | 4,706 |
| | 3,253 | | 3,093 |
| Total headcount | 14,042 | | 13,716 |
| | |||
| Summary of Debt Principal Outstanding | |||
| (in millions) | |||
| (unaudited) | |||
| | |||
| | September | | December |
| | | | |
| Finance lease liabilities | $ 2,378 | | $ 2,355 |
| | | | |
| Term loans | 5 | | 673 |
| Mortgage payable and other loans payable | 14 | | 30 |
| Total mortgage and loans payable principal | 19 | | 703 |
| | | | |
| Senior notes | 22,628 | | 18,209 |
| Plus: debt issuance costs and debt discounts | 192 | | 150 |
| Total senior notes principal | 22,820 | | 18,359 |
| | | | |
| Total debt principal outstanding | $ 25,217 | | $ 21,417 |
| | |||||
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | |||||
| (in millions) | |||||
| (unaudited) | |||||
| | |||||
| | | | Nine Months Ended | ||
| | | | September | | September |
| | | | | | |
| Cash flows from operating activities: | |||||
| | Net income | | $ 1,381 | | $ 1,084 |
| | Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | | |
| | Depreciation, amortization and accretion | | 1,649 | | 1,515 |
| | Stock-based compensation | | 414 | | 370 |
| | Impairment charges | | 25 | | 5 |
| | (Gain) loss on asset sales | | (17) | | (1) |
| | Other operating activities | | 30 | | 21 |
| | Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | | | | |
| | Accounts receivable | | (210) | | (180) |
| | Income taxes, net | | (44) | | (91) |
| | Operating lease right-of-use assets | | 119 | | 122 |
| | Operating lease liabilities | | (119) | | (113) |
| | Accounts payable and accrued expenses | | 88 | | (49) |
| | Other assets and liabilities | | (289) | | 84 |
| Net cash provided by operating activities | | 3,027 | | 2,767 | |
| Cash flows from investing activities: | |||||
| | Purchases of equity investments | | (1,153) | | (54) |
| | Distributions from equity investments | | 105 | | 17 |
| | Purchases of short-term investments | | (972) | | (1,092) |
| | Maturities and sales of short-term investments | | 1,254 | | 770 |
| | Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired | | — | | (182) |
| | Real estate acquisitions | | (234) | | (391) |
| | Purchases of other property, plant and equipment | | (4,392) | | (2,875) |
| | Proceeds from sale of assets, net of cash transferred | | 415 | | — |
| | Settlement of foreign currency hedges | | 101 | | 95 |
| | Investment in loan receivable | | — | | (62) |
| Net cash used in investing activities | | (4,876) | | (3,774) | |
| Cash flows from financing activities: | |||||
| | Proceeds from employee equity programs | | 90 | | 95 |
| | Payment of dividends | | (1,547) | | (1,395) |
| | Proceeds from public offering of common stock, net of issuance costs | | — | | 99 |
| | Proceeds from senior notes, net of debt discounts | | 5,399 | | 2,566 |
| | Repayment of finance lease liabilities | | (129) | | (111) |
| | Contribution from non-controlling interest | | — | | 3 |
| | Repayment of senior notes | | (700) | | (1,200) |
| | Repayment of other debt | | (686) | | (1) |
| | Other financing activities | | 6 | | (9) |
| Net cash provided by financing activities | | 2,433 | | 47 | |
| Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | | (10) | | 43 | |
| Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | | 574 | | (917) | |
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period | | 1,824 | | 3,082 | |
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | | $ 2,398 | | $ 2,165 | |
| | | | | | |
| Free cash flow (1) | | $ (801) | | $ (970) | |
| | | | | | |
| Adjusted free cash flow (2) | | $ (567) | | $ (397) | |
| | | | | | |
| (1) | We define free cash flow as net cash provided by operating activities plus net cash used in investing activities | ||||
| | Net cash provided by operating activities as presented above | | $ 3,027 | | $ 2,767 |
| | Net cash used in investing activities as presented above | | (4,876) | | (3,774) |
| | Less purchases of equity investments, net of distributions | | 1,048 | | 37 |
| | Free cash flow | | $ (801) | | $ (970) |
| | | | | | |
| (2) | We define adjusted free cash flow as free cash flow as defined above, excluding any real estate and business | ||||
| | Free cash flow (as defined above) | | $ (801) | | $ (970) |
| | Less business acquisitions, net of cash and restricted cash acquired | | — | | 182 |
| | Less real estate acquisitions | | 234 | | 391 |
| | Adjusted free cash flow | | $ (567) | | $ (397) |
| | ||||||||||
| Non-GAAP Measures and Other Supplemental Data | ||||||||||
| ($ in millions, except per share data) | ||||||||||
| (unaudited) | ||||||||||
| | ||||||||||
| | | Three Months Ended | | Nine Months Ended | ||||||
| | | September | |
| | September | | September | | September |
| | Recurring revenues | $ 2,442 | | $ 2,377 | | $ 2,215 | | $ 7,150 | | $ 6,445 |
| | Non-recurring revenues | 129 | | 248 | | 101 | | 490 | | 352 |
| | Revenues (1) | 2,571 | | 2,625 | | 2,316 | | 7,640 | | 6,797 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Cash cost of revenues (2) | 830 | | 790 | | 752 | | 2,385 | | 2,186 |
| | Cash gross profit (3) | 1,741 | | 1,835 | | 1,564 | | 5,255 | | 4,611 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Cash operating expenses (4): | | | | | | | | | |
| | Cash sales and marketing expenses | 157 | | 162 | | 144 | | 481 | | 450 |
| | Cash general and administrative expenses | 263 | | 277 | | 272 | | 812 | | 817 |
| | Total cash operating expenses (4) | 420 | | 439 | | 416 | | 1,293 | | 1,267 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Adjusted EBITDA (5) | $ 1,321 | | $ 1,396 | | $ 1,148 | | $ 3,962 | | $ 3,344 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Cash gross margins (6) | 68 % | | 70 % | | 68 % | | 69 % | | 68 % |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Adjusted EBITDA margins (7) | 51 % | | 53 % | | 50 % | | 52 % | | 49 % |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | FFO (8) | $ 858 | | $ 854 | | $ 707 | | $ 2,470 | | $ 2,043 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | AFFO (9)(10) | $ 1,156 | | $ 1,168 | | $ 965 | | $ 3,389 | | $ 2,884 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Basic FFO per share (11) | $ 8.69 | | $ 8.66 | | $ 7.22 | | $ 25.05 | | $ 20.89 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Diluted FFO per share (11) | $ 8.64 | | $ 8.61 | | $ 7.20 | | $ 24.94 | | $ 20.84 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Basic AFFO per share (11) | $ 11.70 | | $ 11.84 | | $ 9.85 | | $ 34.37 | | $ 29.50 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Diluted AFFO per share (11) | $ 11.64 | | $ 11.78 | | $ 9.83 | | $ 34.22 | | $ 29.42 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (1) | The geographic split of our revenues on a services basis is presented below: | |||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Americas Revenues: | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Colocation | $ 770 | | $ 747 | | $ 682 | | $ 2,248 | | $ 1,972 |
| | Interconnection | 262 | | 256 | | 239 | | 769 | | 699 |
| | Managed infrastructure | 52 | | 56 | | 61 | | 165 | | 186 |
| | Other | 9 | | 8 | | 5 | | 24 | | 12 |
| | Recurring revenues | 1,093 | | 1,067 | | 987 | | 3,206 | | 2,869 |
| | Non-recurring revenues | 55 | | 184 | | 48 | | 284 | | 171 |
| | Revenues | $ 1,148 | | $ 1,251 | | $ 1,035 | | $ 3,490 | | $ 3,040 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | EMEA Revenues: | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Colocation | $ 653 | | $ 633 | | $ 588 | | $ 1,899 | | $ 1,727 |
| | Interconnection | 108 | | 105 | | 100 | | 319 | | 283 |
| | Managed infrastructure | 40 | | 40 | | 39 | | 121 | | 112 |
| | Other | 30 | | 28 | | 29 | | 87 | | 82 |
| | Recurring revenues | 831 | | 806 | | 756 | | 2,426 | | 2,204 |
| | Non-recurring revenues | 47 | | 39 | | 28 | | 124 | | 90 |
| | Revenues | $ 878 | | $ 845 | | $ 784 | | $ 2,550 | | $ 2,294 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Asia-Pacific Revenues: | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Colocation | $ 403 | | $ 392 | | $ 367 | | $ 1,181 | | $ 1,068 |
| | Interconnection | 95 | | 92 | | 83 | | 276 | | 240 |
| | Managed infrastructure | 16 | | 16 | | 18 | | 49 | | 52 |
| | Other | 4 | | 4 | | 4 | | 12 | | 12 |
| | Recurring revenues | 518 | | 504 | | 472 | | 1,518 | | 1,372 |
| | Non-recurring revenues | 27 | | 25 | | 25 | | 82 | | 91 |
| | Revenues | $ 545 | | $ 529 | | $ 497 | | $ 1,600 | | $ 1,463 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Worldwide Revenues: | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Colocation | $ 1,826 | | $ 1,772 | | $ 1,637 | | $ 5,328 | | $ 4,767 |
| | Interconnection | 465 | | 453 | | 422 | | 1,364 | | 1,222 |
| | Managed infrastructure | 108 | | 112 | | 118 | | 335 | | 350 |
| | Other | 43 | | 40 | | 38 | | 123 | | 106 |
| | Recurring revenues | 2,442 | | 2,377 | | 2,215 | | 7,150 | | 6,445 |
| | Non-recurring revenues | 129 | | 248 | | 101 | | 490 | | 352 |
| | Revenues | $ 2,571 | | $ 2,625 | | $ 2,316 | | $ 7,640 | | $ 6,797 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (2) | We define cash cost of revenues as cost of revenues less depreciation, amortization, accretion and stock-based compensation as presented below: | |||||||||
| | | | | | ||||||
| | Cost of revenues | $ 1,257 | | $ 1,230 | | $ 1,142 | | $ 3,673 | | $ 3,310 |
| | Depreciation, amortization and accretion expense | (409) | | (421) | | (375) | | (1,235) | | (1,079) |
| | Stock-based compensation expense | (18) | | (19) | | (15) | | (53) | | (45) |
| | Cash cost of revenues | $ 830 | | $ 790 | | $ 752 | | $ 2,385 | | $ 2,186 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (3) | We define cash gross profit as revenues less cash cost of revenues (as defined above). | |||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (4) | We define cash sales and marketing expense as sales and marketing expense less depreciation, amortization and stock-based compensation as presented below. We define cash general and administrative expense as general and administrative expense less depreciation, amortization and stock-based compensation as presented below. We define cash operating expense as selling, general, and administrative expense less depreciation, amortization, and stock-based compensation. We also refer to cash operating expense as cash selling, general and administrative expense or "cash SG&A". | |||||||||
| | | | | | ||||||
| | Sales and marketing expense | $ 233 | | $ 239 | | $ 219 | | $ 713 | | $ 669 |
| | Depreciation and amortization expense | (51) | | (51) | | (50) | | (154) | | (147) |
| | Stock-based compensation expense | (25) | | (26) | | (25) | | (78) | | (72) |
| | Cash sales and marketing expense | 157 | | 162 | | 144 | | 481 | | 450 |
| | General and administrative expense | 449 | | 462 | | 470 | | 1,355 | | 1,359 |
| | Depreciation and amortization expense | (88) | | (85) | | (108) | | (260) | | (289) |
| | Stock-based compensation expense | (98) | | (100) | | (90) | | (283) | | (253) |
| | Cash general and administrative expenses | 263 | | 277 | | 272 | | 812 | | 817 |
| | Cash operating expense | $ 420 | | $ 439 | | $ 416 | | $ 1,293 | | $ 1,267 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (5) | We define adjusted EBITDA as net income excluding income tax expense or benefit, interest income, interest expense, other income or expense, gain or loss on debt extinguishment, depreciation, amortization, accretion, stock-based compensation expense, restructuring and other exit charges, impairment charges, transaction costs, and gain or loss on asset sales as presented below: | |||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Net income | $ 489 | | $ 477 | | $ 374 | | $ 1,381 | | $ 1,084 |
| | Income tax expense (benefit) | 48 | | 46 | | 25 | | 150 | | 112 |
| | Interest income | (46) | | (36) | | (53) | | (123) | | (152) |
| | Interest expense | 163 | | 151 | | 128 | | 462 | | 385 |
| | Other (income) expense | (54) | | 28 | | — | | (27) | | (2) |
| | (Gain) loss on debt extinguishment | — | | (1) | | — | | (1) | | (1) |
| | Depreciation, amortization and accretion expense | 548 | | 557 | | 533 | | 1,649 | | 1,515 |
| | Stock-based compensation expense | 141 | | 145 | | 130 | | 414 | | 370 |
| | Restructuring and other exit charges | 6 | | 6 | | 5 | | 18 | | 17 |
| | Impairment charges | 6 | | 17 | | 4 | | 25 | | 5 |
| | Transaction costs | 20 | | 3 | | 3 | | 31 | | 12 |
| | (Gain) loss on asset sales | — | | 3 | | (1) | | (17) | | (1) |
| | Adjusted EBITDA | $ 1,321 | | $ 1,396 | | $ 1,148 | | $ 3,962 | | $ 3,344 |
| | | 560 | | 641 | | 489 | | 1,717 | | 1,398 |
| | EMEA | 456 | | 456 | | 384 | | 1,336 | | 1,148 |
| | | 305 | | 299 | | 275 | | 909 | | 798 |
| | Adjusted EBITDA | $ 1,321 | | $ 1,396 | | $ 1,148 | | $ 3,962 | | $ 3,344 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (6) | We define cash gross margins as cash gross profit divided by revenues. | | | | | |||||
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (7) | We define adjusted EBITDA margins as adjusted EBITDA divided by revenues. | |||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (8) | FFO is defined as net income or loss attributable to common stockholders, excluding gain or loss from the disposition of real estate assets, depreciation and amortization expense on real estate assets and adjustments for unconsolidated joint ventures' and non-controlling interests' share of these items. | |||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Net income | $ 489 | | $ 477 | | $ 374 | | $ 1,381 | | $ 1,084 |
| | Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests | — | | 2 | | — | | 2 | | 1 |
| | Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders | 489 | | 479 | | 374 | | 1,383 | | 1,085 |
| | Adjustments: | | | | | | | | | |
| | Real estate depreciation | 358 | | 361 | | 324 | | 1,070 | | 933 |
| | (Gain) loss on disposition of real estate assets | — | | 3 | | (1) | | (17) | | — |
| | Adjustments for FFO from unconsolidated joint ventures | 11 | | 11 | | 10 | | 34 | | 25 |
| | FFO attributable to common stockholders | $ 858 | | $ 854 | | $ 707 | | $ 2,470 | | $ 2,043 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (9) | AFFO is defined as FFO adjusted for depreciation and amortization expense on non-real estate assets, accretion, stock-based compensation, stock-based charitable contributions, restructuring and other exit charges, impairment charges, transaction costs, an installation revenue adjustment, a straight-line rent expense adjustment, a contract cost adjustment, amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discounts and premiums, gain or loss from the disposition of non-real estate assets, gain or loss on debt extinguishment, an income tax expense adjustment, recurring capital expenditures, net income or loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, and adjustments from FFO to AFFO related to unconsolidated joint ventures and non-controlling interests. | |||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | FFO attributable to common stockholders | $ 858 | | $ 854 | | $ 707 | | $ 2,470 | | $ 2,043 |
| | Adjustments: | | | | | | | | | |
| | Installation revenue adjustment | 8 | | 8 | | 6 | | 24 | | 16 |
| | Straight-line rent expense adjustment | (3) | | (4) | | 1 | | (3) | | 9 |
| | Contract cost adjustment | (11) | | (11) | | (8) | | (37) | | (25) |
| | Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discounts | 8 | | 7 | | 6 | | 22 | | 17 |
| | Stock-based compensation expense | 141 | | 145 | | 130 | | 414 | | 370 |
| | Stock-based charitable contributions | — | | 3 | | — | | 3 | | 3 |
| | Non-real estate depreciation expense | 134 | | 139 | | 155 | | 411 | | 426 |
| | (Gain) loss on disposition of non-real estate assets | — | | — | | (3) | | — | | (1) |
| | Amortization expense | 52 | | 51 | | 51 | | 155 | | 149 |
| | Accretion expense adjustment | 4 | | 6 | | 3 | | 13 | | 7 |
| | Recurring capital expenditures | (68) | | (49) | | (64) | | (149) | | (145) |
| | (Gain) loss on debt extinguishment | — | | (1) | | — | | (1) | | (1) |
| | Restructuring and other exit charges | 6 | | 6 | | 5 | | 18 | | 17 |
| | Transaction costs | 20 | | 3 | | 3 | | 31 | | 12 |
| | Impairment charges | 6 | | 17 | | 4 | | 25 | | 5 |
| | Income tax expense adjustment | 1 | | (8) | | (29) | | (7) | | (19) |
| | Adjustments for AFFO from unconsolidated joint ventures | — | | 2 | | (2) | | — | | 1 |
| | AFFO attributable to common stockholders | $ 1,156 | | $ 1,168 | | $ 965 | | $ 3,389 | | $ 2,884 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (10) | Following is how we reconcile from adjusted EBITDA to AFFO: | | | | | |||||
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Adjusted EBITDA | $ 1,321 | | $ 1,396 | | $ 1,148 | | $ 3,962 | | $ 3,344 |
| | Adjustments: | | | | | | | | | |
| | Interest expense, net of interest income | (117) | | (115) | | (75) | | (339) | | (233) |
| | Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discounts | 8 | | 7 | | 6 | | 22 | | 17 |
| | Income tax expense | (48) | | (46) | | (25) | | (150) | | (112) |
| | Income tax expense adjustment | 1 | | (8) | | (29) | | (7) | | (19) |
| | Straight-line rent expense adjustment | (3) | | (4) | | 1 | | (3) | | 9 |
| | Stock-based charitable contributions | — | | 3 | | — | | 3 | | 3 |
| | Contract cost adjustment | (11) | | (11) | | (8) | | (37) | | (25) |
| | Installation revenue adjustment | 8 | | 8 | | 6 | | 24 | | 16 |
| | Recurring capital expenditures | (68) | | (49) | | (64) | | (149) | | (145) |
| | Other income (expense) | 54 | | (28) | | — | | 27 | | 2 |
| | Adjustments for (gain) loss on asset dispositions | — | | — | | (3) | | — | | — |
| | Adjustments for unconsolidated JVs and non-controlling interests | 11 | | 15 | | 8 | | 36 | | 27 |
| | AFFO attributable to common stockholders | $ 1,156 | | $ 1,168 | | $ 965 | | $ 3,389 | | $ 2,884 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (11) | The shares used in the computation of basic and diluted FFO and AFFO per share attributable to common stockholders is presented below: | |||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Shares used in computing basic net income per share, FFO per share and AFFO per share (in thousands) | 98,787 | | 98,641 | | 97,982 | | 98,607 | | 97,777 |
| | Effect of dilutive securities: | | | | | | | | | |
| | Employee equity awards (in thousands) | 490 | | 495 | | 192 | | 440 | | 260 |
| | Shares used in computing diluted net income per share, FFO per share and AFFO per share (in thousands) | 99,277 | | 99,136 | | 98,174 | | 99,047 | | 98,037 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Basic FFO per share | $ 8.69 | | $ 8.66 | | $ 7.22 | | $ 25.05 | | $ 20.89 |
| | Diluted FFO per share | $ 8.64 | | $ 8.61 | | $ 7.20 | | $ 24.94 | | $ 20.84 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Basic AFFO per share | $ 11.70 | | $ 11.84 | | $ 9.85 | | $ 34.37 | | $ 29.50 |
| | Diluted AFFO per share | $ 11.64 | | $ 11.78 | | $ 9.83 | | $ 34.22 | | $ 29.42 |

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